Lead Pollution in Ancient Rome

Recent research suggests that toxic lead pollution in ancient Rome likely decreased the average person’s IQ by 2.5 to 3 points. The study links lead pollution from Roman silver smelters to widespread environmental impact and health effects. Historians debate the role of lead in the empire’s downfall.

Fluoride and Water Fluoridation

Fluoride, at the right dose, can reduce tooth decay and has been added to tap water in the U.S. since 1945. While some claim fluoride is neurotoxic and harms IQ, experts and studies show conflicting results. Fluoride is safe at recommended levels and plays a crucial role in dental health.